The numerous ethical, social, and medical issues raised by assisted reproductive technology (ART) led the French legislature to establish, in 1994, the conditions for access to ART procedures and the protocols for their implementation. This framework was supplemented in 2005 by the creation of an independent regulatory authority, the Biomedicine Agency, whose primary missions focus on ensuring equitable access to quality care. In 2008, 121,515 treatment cycles were performed in France across all techniques. These resulted in the birth of 20,136 children, representing 2.4% of all births. Today, the primary objective is to improve the quality of outcomes, that is, to manage the risks and constraints of ART as much as possible while maintaining the best chances of achieving pregnancy and birth. The unique nature of the regulatory framework in France, with all its constraints, raises questions about its relevance and future in the international context. (R.A.)