Materials and Methods ¿ Data from French registries (Francim network) provide accurate information on the incidence and survival rates of the major hematologic malignancies. Results ¿ At five years, Hodgkin’s disease has the highest relative survival rate (88%), in contrast to acute myeloblastic leukemia (19%). For other malignant hematologic diseases, survival rates are intermediate, in descending order: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (81%), Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) (75%), non-Hodgkin’s malignant lymphomas (NHL) (55%), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (49%), multiple myeloma (MM) (42%), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (26%). Survival is better in women for NHL and CLL: the reasons for this difference are unknown. In patients over 75 years of age, regardless of the type of hematologic malignancy, survival is reduced compared to that of younger patients. This poor prognosis is linked to the presence of associated risk factors and the intrinsic properties of tumor cells in elderly patients. Conclusion ¿ The growing recognition of geriatric hematology, the development of protocols specifically for the elderly, and the recent introduction of increasingly targeted therapies should optimize the management of patients with malignant hematologic diseases. High-quality registry data remain essential for guiding surveillance and research in hematology. (R.A.)