The number of leprosy cases detected in Guadeloupe has been slowly declining over the decades, with the overall incidence of new cases falling from 24 per 100,000 in 1970 to 11 per 100,000 in 1984, and then from 9.05 per 100,000 to 1.6 per 100,000 between 1985 and 1998. This study focused on leprosy cases detected between 1999 and 2007 (50 new cases) and showed that the incidence varied little during this period (1.1 per 100,000 in 2007). Multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) forms were almost equal in number: 26 versus 24; however, their distribution varied between women and men, with a sex ratio (male/female) of 1.6 for MB cases and 0.4 for PB cases. Few cases of leprosy were diagnosed in patients under 24 years of age. Three-quarters of the cases currently detected are in people aged 25 to 74. Thus, we are witnessing a significant decline in the number of new cases between 1999 and 2007, a decline at the expense of PB forms, revealing a persistent MB form. The discovery of new leprosy cases in Guadeloupe necessitates continued efforts to combat this disease. Efforts to raise awareness among healthcare providers regarding the disease’s endemic persistence and its early signs must be sustained. (R.A.)