Aging is accompanied by cognitive changes, a phenomenon that varies widely among older adults. Recent studies have identified certain factors that may contribute to maintaining cognitive health. Individual determinants (health conditions, lifestyle habits) have been identified. From an ecological perspective, a literature review was conducted to also explore environmental factors that may influence cognitive vitality in older adults. The socioeconomic status of the neighborhood of residence and the social network were identified as potential influencing factors. These results support an ecological approach to promoting cognitive vitality among older adults.