France has established two national organized cancer screening programs. These screenings are systematically offered to all individuals in the targeted age group based on social security records. For breast cancer screening, the program targets the 9 million women aged 50 to 74 and offers a mammogram every two years. It has been available nationwide since 2004. The colorectal cancer screening program targets the 17 million women and men aged 50 to 74 and offers a fecal occult blood test followed by a colonoscopy if the result is positive. It has been available nationwide since 2009. The French programs were implemented pragmatically, relying on the healthcare system—radiologists for breast cancer screening and general practitioners for colorectal cancer screening. The screening test is fully covered by the various health insurance plans, facilitating access to the programs. However, the evaluation of these national programs only partially reflects the reality of screening, since certain cancers are not covered by an organized program—such as prostate cancer—and because, outside of these programs, there is also, for breast cancer and to a lesser extent for colorectal cancer, opportunistic screening, which is poorly evaluated, and that a survey such as the Cancer Barometer, through its comprehensive approach to screening, helps to better understand this.[chapter introduction]