This fact sheet was written by Béatrice Lamboy based on Volume 1 of the CPS framework published by Santé publique France. It focuses on the first general cognitive psychosocial competency (CPS) and provides an overview of two specific cognitive psychosocial competencies: Enhancing Self-Awareness (C1.1) and Thinking Critically (C1.2). Getting to know oneself better in order to better understand, accept, and regulate oneself—and to act in alignment with one’s true self—first requires deepening one’s understanding of the psychological functioning of the self. Five areas of knowledge and skills are presented to help increase self-awareness and foster critical thinking: Knowledge 1: Understanding the “psychological self”; Knowledge 2: Understanding the role and limitations of “self-image”; Skill 3: Questioning “Self-Image” and thinking critically; Skill 4: Strengthening the “Subject Self” to carry out conscious and voluntary actions; Skill 5: Observing and embracing one’s “Internal Self.” These two specific skills can be applied during CPS activities. Thus, following a theoretical section, practical examples are presented for adults, youth, and children.