Key points: - Endemic cases of leishmaniasis in mainland France: - The number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has remained fairly constant from year to year (66 cases over three years, including 37 in immunocompromised patients), low numbers of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) (7 over three years) and mucosal leishmaniasis (2 over three years); - primarily cases of VL occurring at all ages, more commonly in males; 56% of cases are associated with immunosuppression; the causative species is L. infantum, predominantly zymodeme MON-1; - cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: high endemicity, with 269 cases reported in 2003; L. braziliensis is on the rise, with six strains of L. braziliensis out of 37 typed (R.A.)