The information the public receives about health risks—and, in particular, about lifestyle-related cancer risk factors—is a key driver—though not the only one—of health behaviors and, consequently, of primary prevention efforts aimed at reducing the risk of disease by encouraging the adoption of health-promoting behaviors. A measure of the public’s level of awareness regarding these risks is therefore necessary to better target the themes of health information, awareness, and prevention campaigns. However, the adoption of health-promoting behaviors is not solely a function of the information obtained by individuals or, more broadly, of cognitive variables, but also depends on social representations, beliefs, and attitudes toward the disease—examined in the previous chapter—and toward medical care, the subject of this chapter. The first part of the chapter assesses the level and sources of the population’s information on cancer and its main lifestyle-related risk factors, then examines some examples of behaviors linked to this information. General social representations of care, as well as personal, direct, and/or indirect experience with medical management of cancer, are addressed in the second part. The main components studied focus on perceptions of the quality of therapeutic care, equity of access to the healthcare system, medical information about the disease, and relationships with healthcare teams. After highlighting the main changes between the data from the 2005 Cancer Barometer and those from the 2010 Cancer Barometer, the final section puts all these results into perspective and discusses them, drawing on currently available knowledge as well as the guidelines and mechanisms of public policy for the fight against cancer.[chapter excerpt]