The French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (renamed Santé publique France in May 2016) commissioned Sepia Santé, selected through a competitive bidding process, to prepare a report on all available scientific publications concerning the epidemiology of head injuries in France and Western countries. This literature review covers the number and distribution (geographic, sociodemographic, economic) of cases, their risk factors, trends over time, the long-term outcomes for individuals (victims, perpetrators) and their families, the impact on their health, individual and societal costs, and more. It was completed in April 2016.