The day after the fire broke out at the Lubrizol and NL Logistique facilities in Rouen, Santé publique France (SpF) began planning a series of studies aimed at comprehensively assessing the health impact of the industrial fire on both the general population and exposed workers. This program was launched following a request from the Ministry of Health dated October 8, 2019, and is designed to assess the health impacts of the industrial accident on nearby residents and exposed workers, taking into account all forms of exposure among the affected populations, mental health, and quality of life. More specifically, it includes a cross-sectional survey on perceived health conducted among a representative sample of the exposed population and a longitudinal epidemiological follow-up of the health status of the exposed population. The study also includes an analysis of the best possible epidemiological surveillance strategy for exposed workers. Finally, an assessment was conducted on the relevance and feasibility of conducting a biomonitoring study to identify potential human overexposure to compounds released by the fire.