An assessment of the health impacts of air pollution was conducted in the Angers urban area as part of the Pays de la Loire Regional Air Quality Plan, which established guidelines aimed at preventing, reducing, or mitigating the effects of air pollution. This study was conducted using a standardized method proposed by the InVS, which is based on the assumption of a causal relationship between air pollution and health. The short- and long-term health impacts of air pollution were estimated in terms of morbidity (hospital admissions) and premature mortality over the 2005–2007 period. The study area consisted of the 12 municipalities of the Angers urban area, representing a total population of 227,771 inhabitants. The short-term health impact attributable to air pollution was estimated annually at 33 premature deaths across all age groups, 14 hospital admissions for respiratory causes, and 20 hospital admissions for cardiovascular causes among adults aged 65 and older. A reduction in daily background levels of pollutants would prevent one-third of deaths and more than 20% of hospitalizations due to air pollution, making it the most effective public health measure. Regarding long-term health impacts, a 5 μg/m³ reduction in the annual average PM10 concentration would prevent 32 deaths out of the total number of deaths recorded annually. This study provided an estimate of the magnitude of the serious health effects of air pollution that led to hospitalization or death. It underestimated the actual health effects because it did not account for emergency room visits or conditions treated in outpatient settings, which affect a larger portion of the population. This study showed that health effects occur even at low pollution levels that meet quality standards. In terms of public health, the most effective preventive measure is the daily reduction of pollution levels by cutting emissions at the source. The study recommends strengthening monitoring of particulate matter, particularly PM2.5. (R.A.)