In France, air quality management is governed by the Law on Air Quality and the Rational Use of Energy of December 30, 1996. It requires each region to establish a Regional Air Quality Plan (PRQA) that sets out guidelines aimed at preventing, reducing, or mitigating the effects of air pollution. Officials responsible for developing this plan must have access to local data on the effects of air pollution on public health. Quantifying the number of health events attributable to this pollution can serve as a management tool for decision-makers and thereby raise awareness. The objective of the health impact assessments conducted in the metropolitan areas of Agen, Bayonne, Bordeaux, Pau, and Périgueux—a summary of which is presented here—is to determine the number of deaths and hospital admissions attributable, over the course of a year, to urban air pollution and to quantify the health events that could be prevented by reducing pollutant concentrations. (R.A.)