Extreme Cold and Cold-Related Health RisksEvery year, hundreds of people suffer from conditions caused by the cold. These include:- Conditions directly related to the cold, such as frostbite or hypothermia, which can cause serious or even fatal injuries, - The worsening of pre-existing conditions (particularly heart and respiratory conditions),- Indirect effects such as an increased risk of carbon monoxide poisoning due to malfunctioning heating appliances (gas, oil, or coal-fired) or improper use of heating devices (such as continuous use of space heaters), or when ventilation in the home has been blocked. Symptoms of poisoning, which may not appear immediately, include headaches, nausea, mental confusion, and fatigue. In cases of acute poisoning, treatment must be prompt and warrants specialized hospitalization.New Institution Project 2014/2016France is on the verge of establishing a public health institution that will consolidate the functions of alerting, surveillance, intervention, crisis response, prevention, and health promotion currently carried out by Eprus, Inpes, and InVS. François Bourdillon was appointed to lead the planning of this new Institute by a letter from the Minister of Social Affairs, Health, and Women’s Rights dated September 25, 2014. Until the new Institute is established, effective in the first half of 2016, his role will be twofold: to lead the InVS and to lay the groundwork for the future institution. As part of the future Health Act, the new Institute will improve the coherence and continuity of missions related to prevention and health promotion, health monitoring and surveillance, as well as health interventions. The creation of this entity should, through the resulting synergies, free up resources to strengthen missions that are currently underserved, such as the design and evaluation of health interventions, as well as the assessment of the health impact of public policies.