The existence of both short- and long-term relationships between air pollution levels and various health indicators (mortality, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, etc.) has now been widely demonstrated. Health impact assessments (HIAs) of air pollution on public health at the local level have been incorporated into the second Regional Health and Environment Plan (PRSE 2) for Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA). These HIAs involve estimating, within a given population, the number of health events attributable to urban air pollution based on exposure-risk relationships derived from epidemiological studies. Several HIAs were conducted between 2000 and 2007 in the region, but they covered different time periods. An update of the estimates in terms of "events attributable" to air pollution (AP) and "preventable events" through a reduction in AP across the six major urban areas of the PACA region (Aix-en-Provence, Avignon, Cannes, Marseille, Nice, and Toulon) was therefore conducted for the 2004–2006 period (R.A)