Antibiotic resistance could become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It threatens our ability to treat even the most common infections. All sectors of healthcare and all species are affected. Limiting its spread requires comprehensive, coordinated prevention efforts based primarily on the proper use of antibiotics, hand hygiene, and the prevention of factors that promote infections. The European Antibiotic Awareness Day on November 18, 2017, which is part of World Antibiotic Awareness Week, is an opportunity to mobilize all stakeholders. Citizens, patients, human and animal healthcare professionals, and policymakers all have a role to play in strengthening the fight against antibiotic resistance... To better understand the challenges and evaluate the actions taken in France over the past several years, the collection and dissemination of statistical data that shed light on the current situation and its evolution over time are essential. With these objectives in mind, three national agencies—Santé publique France, the National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), and the National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), and the French Health Insurance System have joined forces to jointly present key figures on antibiotic consumption and resistance in human and animal health over the past 10 years (2006–2016), within the “One Health” global health framework promoted by the World Health Organization.