Trends in smoking prevalence since the early 1970s show that smoking rates among men have fallen sharply, from nearly 60% to about one-third in recent years, while rates among women rose until the early 1990s, then declined through 2005, before showing a recent uptick. Since the Veil Act of 1976 and even more so since the early 1990s and the Évin Act, numerous legislative and regulatory measures have been implemented to strengthen the fight against smoking, particularly among young people: sharp and repeated price increases between January 2002 and January 2004, the addition of new health warnings on packages, a ban on packs containing fewer than twenty cigarettes, a total ban on smoking in public places including schools, a ban on sales to those under 16 since September 2004, and subsequently to those under 18 in 2009 with the “Hospitals, Patients, Health, and Territories” (HPST) Act. This law also introduced other measures specifically targeting young people, such as the ban on flavored cigarettes (vanilla, chocolate, etc.) known as “candy cigarettes,” and a ban on tobacco retail outlets in “protected” zones (i.e., around specific buildings and institutions, such as schools, healthcare facilities, or sports venues). Today, preventing smoking among young people is all the more critical since early experimentation is now recognized as a major risk factor for long-term smoking and addiction. Therefore, delaying the age of experimentation appears to be a major public health objective, reflected in the 2009–2013 Cancer Plan with the need to “reduce the appeal of tobacco.” However, given that the population tends to feel invulnerable to the health risks associated with smoking, the other major challenge in the fight against smoking lies in raising awareness of the risks involved. The delayed onset of the initial health consequences of smoking renders some warnings and prevention messages ineffective among young people, who are quick to dismiss the risk of chronic disease, which calls for the consideration of measures specifically tailored to them.[chapter excerpt]