Smallpox B (Mpox)

Smallpox B (Mpox), formerly known as monkeypox, is a rare viral infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus and transmitted primarily from rodents to humans, and then from person to person, mainly through contact with skin lesions.

Our missions

  • Epidemiological surveillance and case investigation, particularly of clusters

  • Contributing to research efforts to advance scientific knowledge at the national and international levels

  • Participation in expert assessments of vaccination and care policies

  • Vaccine logistics (procurement, inventory management, and distribution)

  • Development and distribution of tools, and implementation of information and prevention campaigns targeting at-risk populations

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Data

Cases of Smallpox B (Mpox) Detected in France

From January 1 to September 30, 2026, 427 cases of smallpox B (mpox) were reported, including 18 without laboratory confirmation. Among the cases for which the clade could be identified, 82% belonged to clade Ib, compared with 18% in clade IIb.

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30 October 2026

Smallpox B (mpox) in France from January 1 to September 30, 2026

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Situation in Europe and Around the World

The second Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) related to smallpox B (Mpox), declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in August 2024, was lifted in September 2025. In Africa, a decline in the number of cases has been observed since September 2025. In October 2025, the ECDC assessed the risk of infection with clade Ib as moderate among men who have sex with men living in Europe and low for the general population. 

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