The author, from the Population Health Office at the D.G.S., outlines the approach—as part of the reform of healthcare organization in prisons—to prevention and health education designed to help inmates take responsibility for their own health. Coordination, which is essential, must be carried out by the physician in charge of the outpatient consultation and care unit (U.C.S.A.). The program established by the D.D.R.A.S.S., the D.D.A.S.S., and prison services will focus on the issues identified as most critical: HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, STDs, substance abuse, alcoholism, oral health, and treatment adherence. A partnership with the local institutional and nonprofit network, the comprehensive nature of the project, its duration, and its continuity are the key principles of the program. An excerpt from the methodological guide accompanying the circular implementing the decree of October 27, 1994, elaborates on these points, referring in particular to the CFES and local health education committees for assistance with this approach.