Between 2011 and 2013, several cases of murine typhus were detected for the first time on the island of Réunion. The Directorate General for Health referred the matter to the CNEV to assess the relevance and feasibility of implementing integrated surveillance and control measures against this disease. Following a review of the biology of the vector fleas and the pathogens they can transmit, this report presents the epidemiological situation of murine typhus in the various French territories. The working group then makes recommendations for addressing the issue on the island of Réunion and in the other French territories.