This article focuses on the second, quantitative, part of the survey on the French population’s knowledge and perceptions regarding the risks associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The survey was conducted among a representative sample of the French population aged 15 and older, selected using the quota method. 1,003 people were interviewed by telephone in November 2004. 82% of French people are aware of the recommendation not to consume alcohol during pregnancy. 25% know that risks to the fetus begin with the mother’s first drink, while 60% believe that occasional consumption poses no risk. According to 48% of respondents, wine and beer are less dangerous than “hard” liquors for a pregnant woman. Physical disorders linked to prenatal alcohol exposure are better known than intellectual disorders. The recommendation to abstain is well known but is not perceived as absolute. This ambivalent stance reflects the place of alcohol in French society. Indeed, social perceptions of this product are far more favorable than those of tobacco, which, like alcohol, is a legal psychoactive substance.