Objective – This study presents data on wood dust exposure among salaried and non-salaried workers in France in 2017, broken down by gender, occupation, and industry sector. Method – Data from the 2017 census were cross-referenced with the Matgéné program’s job-wood dust exposure matrix. The number and proportion of exposed workers were estimated by worker status (salaried vs. self-employed), gender, occupation, and economic sector. Results – In 2017, nearly 305,000 workers were exposed to wood dust (1.2% of the employed workforce), comprising 212,000 employees and 93,000 non-employees. Among exposed self-employed workers, 55% worked in the specialized construction sector, 16% in building and landscaping services, and 8% in forestry. Exposed salaried workers, meanwhile, were employed in the specialized construction sector (38%), woodworking (excluding furniture manufacturing) (14%), and wholesale trade (10%). Conclusion – This study is the first conducted on the entire French working population to distinguish between the two subpopulations of salaried and self-employed workers. It shows, in particular, that the subpopulation of self-employed workers represents a significant proportion of those exposed, even though these workers receive no monitoring under occupational health programs or through the occupational disease recognition system.