The Institute for Health Surveillance convened a group of experts to propose areas for epidemiological research on the health impacts on populations living near municipal solid waste incineration plants (MSWIPs). The work focused on health effects for which it is most difficult to respond to public and government demands due to persistent scientific uncertainties. The health effects identified are: - cancers: in adults and children, solid tumors (particularly: liver, soft tissues, skin) and malignant hematological diseases (particularly: leukemias, non-Hodgkin lymphomas); - reproductive effects (particularly congenital malformations). Specific recommendations are made for the implementation of a multicenter study on cancers and the continuation of research on congenital malformations in the vicinity of MSW incineration plants. Prospects for further research are also identified (studies on sexual maturation processes, occupational studies). Further details are provided regarding the ongoing discussion on implementing surveillance of populations living near MSW landfills. (R.A.)