In France, for the year 2018, the estimated number of new cases of malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) was 5,886, including 3,280 in men, and the estimated number of deaths from this condition was 4,128, including 2,346 in men. Key points: Poor prognosis with a 5-year standardized net survival rate of 26% for those diagnosed between 2010 and 2015; Prognosis varies significantly by age, with a 5-year standardized net survival rate ranging from 60% among those aged 30 at diagnosis to 4% among those aged 80; An 18-percentage-point improvement in 1-year standardized net survival between 1990 and 2015, with no notable improvement at 5 and 10 years; A more marked improvement in 1-year standardized net survival among people aged 60 and older; Cancer mortality remains high long after diagnosis among people aged 30–50.