People from sub-Saharan Africa have a high prevalence of HBsAg carriage (5.3%). Only 17.4% of carriers are reportedly aware of their status. A qualitative study was conducted among this population to assess their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward hepatitis B and its prevention. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups were conducted in 2008 with 41 people from sub-Saharan Africa living in 11 regions of France. Although hepatitis B is a health concern for migrants, most of them do not feel personally at risk. While they know that hepatitis B is a viral disease that affects the liver, they are unaware that it can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Blood-borne transmission is known, and saliva-borne transmission is mentioned. Sexual transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and transmission through contact with an infected person are rarely known. A minority is aware of the existence of a HBV vaccine, and most do not know their vaccination status. While few participants have ever undergone hepatitis B screening due to a lack of information, they would be in favor of having it done through their primary care physician. Women are unaware that hepatitis B screening is mandatory during pregnancy. Participants are generally receptive to the informational messages presented to them and appreciate community-based communication materials. Specific outreach efforts targeting migrants and healthcare professionals should be implemented to encourage screening and vaccination.