Following the establishment of national and regional surveillance networks for healthcare-associated infections in the 1990s, European coordination was established between 2000 and 2008 through the HELICS and IPSE networks, which were funded by the European Union (EU). Since July 2008, the European HAI-Net (Network for Healthcare-associated Infections) has been coordinated by the ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). Surveillance priorities are defined based on the Council of Europe’s recommendation of June 9, 2009, on patient safety—which includes the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections—and the mandate to transfer coordination of the IPSE network to the ECDC. ECDC’s activities focus on the European prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic use in short-stay healthcare facilities, the surveillance of surgical site infections and nosocomial infections in intensive care units, and repeated prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic use in long-term care facilities. (R.A.)