Introduction and Purpose of the Study. - It is now well established that disadvantaged populations are more affected by cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis—conditions largely linked to diet. Some studies have highlighted significant social inequalities in terms of food consumption and nutritional intake. For the first time, as part of its third edition, the 2008 Health and Nutrition Barometer specifically expanded its questionnaire on this topic, with the aim of analyzing and monitoring the evolution of socioeconomic disparities that may emerge in terms of knowledge, perceptions, and dietary behaviors. An indicator of food insecurity among individuals was thus introduced. The objective here is to present the differences in dietary behaviors observed according to the degree of food insecurity. Materials and Methods. - The 2008 Health and Nutrition Barometer was conducted among a random sample of 4,714 French-speaking individuals aged 12 to 75, representative of the population residing in metropolitan France. The survey was conducted by telephone (landlines, cell phones, and "unbundled" lines). Perceptions of food insecurity were assessed using the USDA Food Sufficiency Indicator among individuals aged 25 to 75 (n = 3,441). Food intake was collected using a semi-quantitative 24-hour recall. Various aspects of dietary behaviors among individuals in households experiencing quantitative food insecurity (i.e., reporting that they sometimes do not have enough to eat) were compared to those of individuals in a state of food security (able to eat all the food they desire) using chi-square tests and/or multiple logistic regressions. Results. - In 2008, 2.5% of people aged 25 to 75 were estimated to be in a state of quantitative food insecurity in France. They are proportionally half as likely as those in a state of food security to have a maximum dietary diversity index (25.2% vs. 52.6%). Their diet is also characterized by lower frequency of fruit, vegetable, and fish consumption, and by fewer meals per day as well as fewer dishes per meal. Conversely, their frequency of consumption of sugary drinks (syrups and sodas) appears to be higher. They also rely on ready-made meals more frequently: 47% consume them at least twice a week (compared to 22% of food-secure individuals). Conclusion. - Health promotion initiatives targeting these vulnerable populations should aim to increase both the quantity of their dietary intake (as more of them have fewer meals than others) and its quality (as their diet is generally less diverse), while taking into account the economic constraints they face. The distribution of “fruit and vegetable vouchers” to the most disadvantaged individuals is an example of a measure along these lines, with strong potential for implementation. [author’s abstract]. Poster cited in the journal “Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,” volume 24, issue s1.