The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is increasing worldwide. While in some countries, such as France, a trend toward stabilization of this trend has been observed for all children (Lioret, Touvier et al., 2009), it has also been shown that social inequalities remain significant. Thus, the national survey on the health of fifth-grade students, conducted in 2007–2008, confirms the stabilization in the prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) observed since 2002 but also shows that the prevalence of obesity is nearly seven times higher among children of white-collar workers than among children of blue-collar workers, as was already the case in 2005 (Chardon Olivier, Guignon Nathalie et al., 2013). Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity—and more broadly, for noncommunicable diseases associated with an unhealthy diet—is thus a major public health challenge. Among these, advertising and other forms of marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages targeting children, produced by the food industry, have been the subject of numerous research studies over the past two decades and have given rise to significant controversy regarding the causal nature of the relationship between advertising, food consumption, chronic diseases, and the prevalence of obesity. But as early as 2006, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report (McGinnis, Gootman et al., 2006) concluded that food marketing contributed to the childhood obesity epidemic in the United States. Subsequent studies have quantified the contribution of food advertising to obesity prevalence or, conversely, have demonstrated a decline in obesity resulting from reduced exposure to television food advertising. A comparative study conducted in several countries (Australia, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States) involving children aged 6 to 11 (Goris, Petersen et al., 2010) also showed that exposure to television food advertising contributed to the prevalence of childhood obesity by 4% to 40%, depending on the country. Another simulation study showed that between 1/7 and 1/3 of obese American children would not have been obese in the absence of television advertising for unhealthy foods (Veerman, Van Beeck et al., 2009). [excerpt from the report]