Epidemiological studies conducted over the past several decades have revealed short- and long-term associations between indicators of exposure to air pollution and health indicators. These studies have notably demonstrated that chronic exposure to average concentrations of air pollutants has the greatest impact on health, contributing to the development of various conditions, particularly chronic cardiorespiratory diseases. In the short term, exposure to air pollution exacerbates the symptoms of conditions (whether or not caused by air pollution), even outside of any specific episode or “spike” in air pollution. However, when the population is confronted with such an episode, they may both experience certain symptoms more intensely than usual (irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, etc.) and express questions and concerns regarding the health impacts specifically linked to these pollution spikes. Furthermore, these situations trigger an information and recommendation procedure, or an alert procedure, by prefects. These measures, which aim specifically to address pollution sources and individual behaviors—for example, through the dissemination of health recommendations—have the ultimate goal of limiting health impacts, particularly among the most vulnerable populations (infants and young children, etc.). However, the health impacts of these pollution episodes are difficult to quantify and, to date, have not been the subject of studies in France.