Key Points

• The year 2023 was marked by a change in the number of malaria cases, contrasting with the historically low level observed in 2022 and an incidence rate exceeding 1‰ for the first time since 2018. P. vivax remains the predominant species.

• Beyond the high number of malaria cases and their characteristics, 2023 stands out for a notable shift in the mapping of indigenous transmission risk: transmission risk is now present in coastal municipalities, some of which were previously free of or had very low transmission risk.

• Entomological investigations conducted around malaria cases in late 2023 and early 2024 do not suggest any major changes in the patterns of local transmission. Anopheles darlingi is still very likely the primary vector.

• Raising awareness among populations living in malaria transmission zones, early case detection through outreach efforts, the deployment of G6PD rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) recently evaluated by the IPG, the administration of primaquine for all P. vivax infections, and vector control are among the tools available to health authorities to help reduce the spread of malaria risk.