Residents living near the Mennecy paper mill are concerned about whether compounds—whether odorous or not—emitted by the mill located in the town are causing health problems. The study was conducted to quantify the health risks faced by the population exposed over a prolonged period to pollutants emitted by the mill. A quantitative health risk assessment approach was implemented. The geographic boundaries of the study area were defined based on the location of complaints from the public. The population of concern is that residing within this area. The pollutants of interest are those emitted during the paper mill’s production process and measured by one of the sensors located within this geographic area. The health effects and toxicological reference values of the selected pollutants were identified in the scientific literature. Three exposure scenarios were developed for a sedentary adult, a child residing in and moving within the study area, and a child attending the school located in this area but living outside of it. Atmospheric pollutant concentrations are recorded on a weekly basis. They were measured during a campaign conducted over 10 consecutive weeks (December 2001–January 2002). The results of the risk characterization are expressed as a hazard quotient and individual excess risk. Three families of compounds are included in the study: monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones, and organic acids. A total of 25 compounds were identified and selected. It was only possible to quantify the health risks for 7 of them, due to a lack of data for the others. The results of air pollutant concentrations indicate spatial homogeneity within the study area. The recorded temporal variations are small and are primarily linked to changes in weather conditions during the measurement period. Thus, the average weekly concentration of each pollutant across the entire area and study period was used to estimate long-term exposure (several years); the maximum weekly concentration recorded at one of the sensors served as the basis for calculating subchronic exposure (several weeks of exposure). The health risks to the population are all less than or equal to the benchmark value typically used by many national and international authorities. The highest risks are calculated for the worst-case scenario of a sedentary adult who would spend nearly all the days of their life in the study area and be continuously exposed to the average concentration (chronic exposure). There are no unacceptable health risks associated with medium- and long-term exposure to the compounds included in the study. Furthermore, the concentrations of pollutants recorded in the study area are spatially homogeneous; they are of the same order of magnitude as those typically measured in an urban atmosphere. Thus, the paper mill’s contribution to air pollution and public exposure appears to be very modest. However, this study identified pollutants for which a lack of information prevented any quantification of health risks, thereby highlighting research areas to be developed to address these gaps. (R.A.)