Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities has been a priority of the national program to combat nosocomial infections since the mid-1990s, with healthcare facilities encouraged to implement prevention and surveillance measures through national recommendations. Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated a national surveillance program for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. This network-based surveillance is conducted three times a year, and the number of samples is reported relative to the number of hospital days (HD). Trends have been analyzed for participating healthcare facilities annually since 2005. In 2009, 929 healthcare facilities participated in the surveillance, representing a 95% increase compared to 2002. For MRSA, the overall incidence density (ID) was 0.41 per 1,000 HPD and varied little across regions. It was higher in short-stay care (0.54) and intensive care (1.46) than in long-term care (0.29). Since 2005, the ID for MRSA has decreased overall by 30% and by 40% in intensive care. For MRSA, the overall ID was 0.32 per 1,000 patient-days, ranging from 0.17 to 0.54 across subregions. It was twice as high in short-stay care (0.45) as in SSR-SLD (0.19). Since 2005, the ID rate for EBLSE has increased by 106%. Across all participating healthcare facilities, the proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE cases increased from 18.5% in 2002 to 58.4% in 2009. The decrease in the incidence rate of MRSA suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the network’s participating departments. The number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections for 2009 is, however, estimated to be between 35,000 and 57,000, including 3,000 to 5,000 cases of bacteremia. Finally, the increase in the incidence rate of EBLSE, particularly E. coli, is now a major cause for concern. (R.A.)