This article summarizes some of the findings from the INPES Health Barometer survey conducted in late 2002 and early 2003 among 2,057 private-practice general practitioners and 1,062 pharmacists who own their own pharmacies. The results presented here concern their role in prevention and health education and address three questions: 1. Do general practitioners feel effective in helping patients change their behavior regarding cancer screening, condom use, alcoholism, smoking, drug use, psychotropic drug abuse, accidents of daily life, diet, and physical exercise? 2. Do pharmacists consider their role to be important in the areas of nutrition, proper medication use, and the prevention of hepatitis, AIDS, alcoholism, or smoking? 3. What are the main barriers to prevention and health education?