Key Points - Regular adaptation of the epidemiological surveillance system within the armed forces to address the diversity of military missions—particularly those conducted outside national territory—and the new risks to which personnel are exposed, whether infectious, natural, man-made, or environmental. - Epidemiological surveillance relies on an alert procedure, a weekly epidemiological bulletin, specific reporting forms, and investigations conducted as part of an intervention epidemiology approach. - The most concerning developments over the past three years relate to malaria and sexual exposure, which reflect risky behaviors and poor adherence to educational messages and preventive measures provided by the Armed Forces Health Service. (R.A.)