Surveillance of Suicides Potentially Related to Work

Background: The epidemiology of work-related suicides remains poorly understood in France, despite the issue’s growing prominence in public discourse. An exploratory study had demonstrated the potential and unique value of data from reports by medical examiner’s offices (IML) for identifying suicides potentially related to work. The objectives of this study were to: i) propose a definition of suicides potentially work-related, ii) test the feasibility of developing an epidemiological surveillance system for these suicides using data from the IMLs, and iii) estimate the proportion of these suicides among all suicides examined by the IMLs.Method: Santé publique France, in collaboration with eight IMLs and CépiDc-Inserm, conducted a one-year feasibility study. For each case of suicide or death of undetermined intent, medical examiners provided Santé publique France with information on the characteristics of the death, the forensic investigations conducted, sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, and indicators of potential links between the death and work. The definition used for a suicide potentially related to work was established by a thematic support committee on mental health and work, led by Santé publique France. A suicide is considered to be potentially work-related if at least one of the following conditions was present: 1/ The death occurred at the workplace; 2/ A letter left by the victim citing their working conditions; 3/ The death occurred while the victim was wearing work clothes, even though they were not working at the time; 4/ Testimony from relatives attributing the death to the victim’s working conditions; 5/ Known work-related difficulties reported by relatives or investigators. Descriptive analyses of suicide deaths were conducted, and the proportion of suicides potentially work-related was estimated.Results: A total of 1,293 deaths were reviewed between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Suicides accounted for 88% of the cases reviewed (n=1,135), most of whom were men (72%). In this study, 10% of suicides were potentially work-related according to the definition established by the thematic support committee. Among those whose employment status was known, 28% were employed at the time of death. Among these, work appeared to have played a role in 42% of the suicides. Individuals who were not employed at the time of death were retired, unemployed, in training, or on leave for health reasons. Discussion – Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a surveillance system for suicides potentially related to work using data from medical examiners’ offices and enables proposals to be made to improve our understanding of these suicides. It also underscored the importance of taking action to reduce suicidal behavior in the general population as well as in the workplace. The study recommends expanding this system nationwide and ensuring its long-term sustainability. It is proposed to integrate or attach to the supplementary medical section of the death certificate a questionnaire containing the data deemed relevant by this study. Thus, over time, depending on the quality of the data collected through this system, Santé publique France could monitor suicides potentially related to work, which would complement its other research on suicidal behavior by occupational category and sector of activity.

Author(s): Gigonzac Virginie, Khireddine-Medouni Imane, Chan-Chee Christine, Chérié-Challine Laurence

Publishing year: 2021

Pages: 37 p.

Collection: Studies and Surveys

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