This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors of the Caribbean population regarding chlordecone. A quantitative study was conducted by telephone from October 13 to November 26, 2008, in Martinique and Guadeloupe among two independent samples of the population aged 18 to 75. These samples, each consisting of 1,000 people, were constructed using the quota method (by gender, age, socio-professional category of the head of household, red/white telephone line, and municipality of primary residence) to ensure they were representative of the populations of Martinique and Guadeloupe. This study highlights a genuine need for information among the Caribbean population. The vast majority of Caribbean residents express a feeling that there is a lack of transparency on the part of public authorities, whereas scientists appear to enjoy greater credibility, as two-thirds of Caribbean residents trust their work. As such, scientists could serve as conduits for information regarding the current state of knowledge and the actions being carried out under the chlordecone action plan.