This article presents the status of HIV infection and AIDS in France as of December 31, 2005, based on surveillance systems coordinated by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance: mandatory reporting of HIV and AIDS, virological surveillance, and HIV testing activities. Sufficient time has now elapsed since the implementation of mandatory HIV reporting to adjust the data to account for reporting delays and thus analyze trends in the number of new HIV diagnoses. Taking into account reporting delays and underreporting, the number of people who learned of their HIV-positive status in 2005 is estimated at approximately 6,700 (a figure that has remained stable since 2003), with one-quarter of these individuals having been infected in the six months preceding their diagnosis. Heterosexual contact accounted for half of HIV diagnoses in 2005, and half of these cases involved people from sub-Saharan Africa. However, several findings are encouraging in this population: the number of HIV diagnoses has decreased among women, and the proportion of diagnoses at an asymptomatic stage has increased since 2003. Conversely, the number of new HIV diagnoses increased among gay men between 2003 and 2005, suggesting that transmission continues within this population. In 2005, men who have sex with men accounted for 27% of all new HIV diagnoses, and nearly half of them (44%) were infected within the six months preceding their HIV diagnosis. The proportion of HIV-2 infections was 1.4% in 2005. Among HIV-1 infections, the proportion of non-B subtypes decreased between 2003 and 2005 (from 50% to 41%). In 2005, 5.3 million HIV serology tests were performed, an 8% increase compared to 2004, while the number of confirmed positive results remained stable. (R.A.)