The surveillance system for occupational HIV infections among healthcare workers in France, established in 1990, provides data on the number of cases, trends over time, and case characteristics, and helps identify high-risk practices and procedures. In total, 42 cases of occupational HIV infection among healthcare workers have been recorded in France since the start of the epidemic. Of these 42 cases, 13 are documented seroconversions and 29 are presumed infections. Nurses account for nearly all of the documented seroconversions (12 out of 13 cases) and 38% of the presumed infections. The number of new cases in recent years was 1 in 1994, 0 in 1995, 2 in 1996, and 1 in 1997.