Endometriosis is a female hormone-dependent disease, possibly related to endocrine disruptor exposure. We aimed to monitor this disease nationwide in France and analyze spatial trends at a fine scale to explore possible environmental contributing risk factors. We conducted a retrospective national descriptive study from 2011 to 2017 in females aged 10 years old and over, using comprehensive hospital discharge data. Cases were identified using ICD-10 N80 codes and were localized at their municipality of residence. We defined incident cases as the first hospital stay of patients, without a stay in at least the previous 5 years. We performed statistical analyses according to age and type of endometriosis, and we modeled the temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal trends. We identified 207,462 incident cases of all-type hospitalized endometriosis (83,112 for non-adenomyosis cases). The crude incidence rate for the study period was 9.85/10,000 person-years (3.95/10,000 for non-adenomyosis cases). From 2011 to 2017, the risk of all-type endometriosis increased by 8.5% (95% CI: 3.9; 13.4) (by 3.6% (95% CI: 0.6; 6.8) for non-adenomyosis cases). The risk was geographically heterogeneous, with 20 high-risk hotspots, showing similar results for non-adenomyosis cases. Shifting practice patterns, improved awareness and healthcare disparities interlinked with environmental risk factors could explain these trends.