Background. In 2010, a survey was conducted for the first time to estimate vaccination coverage rates among children and adolescents living in Mayotte. Method. This was a two-stage cluster survey. Data were collected for 676 children aged 2 to 4 years, 692 children aged 7 to 10 years, and 590 adolescents aged 14 to 15 years by reviewing health records. Results. Vaccination coverage among children aged 2 to 4 years was high (>92%), except for Haemophilus influenzae type b (90%) and the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccines (86%). For children aged 7 to 10 years, coverage was insufficiently high (82%), except for hepatitis B and BCG (>90%). For adolescents aged 14–15 years, vaccination coverage was low (75%) and far from the targets to be achieved. Conclusion. Strengthening measures to monitor vaccination status, followed by catch-up campaigns in collaboration with various stakeholders (maternal and child health services, hospitals, school health programs, and private practitioners), is recommended for children and adolescents in Mayotte. (R.A.)